Khaghani is the great poet in twelfth century. His huge poetic collection comprises various groups of religious, theological, philosophical, medical, astronomical, literary and mystic sciences and teachings. In versification, he was influenced by Sanaei and versified a lot of poems about admonishment, hermetic, mystic and research topics like him.Although like Molana’s Spiritual Couplets (Masnavi-E-Manavi) and Attar’s Conference of the Birds (Manteq-Al-Tayr), Khaghani’s poetic collection is exclusively a mystic work, but in this book, Khaghani has been benefited from mystic implications, concepts and terms. Poet’s utilization technique is influenced by his individual style; namely, in this work, he has innovated allusive case compositions with new and pure implication. In this technique of innovating composition and implication, poet’s effort has been focused further on verse horizontal axis and ode and it has not interpreted mystic concepts linearly and widely like other theosophical poetic collections. In addition to deterministic expedience of ode form, this is derived from poet’s individual style where he tries to make rhetoric compositions by mystic concepts, terms and interpretations and draw audience’s attention toward his personal art, submerging him/ her in it.

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Today, with increasing access to the internet and portable computing tools, the possibility of utilizing these tools in education has significantly expanded. Consequently, various tools have been introduced for creating and developing content and designing mobile-based educational courses. One of the essential and widely used tools for content creation and mobile-based course development is the MIT App Inventor tool, developed by a group of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It requires guidance on using this technology tool for content production in designing and implementing practical educational courses in health-related domains. This article aims to introduce the App Inventor software and its utilization in Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The tool is particularly beneficial for individuals outside the tech industry who seek to incorporate educational applications into teaching and learning processes.

To understand the invention as a legal concept, first its legal nature must be known, and then the rights of the inventor can be recognized. The study of patent law and the rights of inventors began in the second part of the 19th century and was developed gradually during the years with ratification of numerous international instruments. Following the ratification of various conventions in this field within the framework of international law, different conventions have been adopted and codified, protecting literary and artistic property as well as the rights of the author. Among these conventions, the multilateral Strasbourg Patent Convention (1963) is of significant importance, and has been the foundation of an evolution of vertical and horizontal perspectives at the European level. From the vertical point of view, the governing European Law is considered as the applicable law between member countries. However, from the horizontal perspective, the comparative examination of the legislations of some important countries must be considered as examples of state legislations. That is why the French, Belgian and German legislations have been comparatively studied in this article. Another issue considered in this study, is the legal nature of the inventor’s rights which began with the Resolution N° 1 of "Congres de Paris-1877". Our efforts to identify all legal aspects of the concept of invention, as well as the rights of the inventor, will result in a better understanding of the related diverse aspects of intellectual, literary, and industrial property.

Human procreation and its various features are among the most important topics worldwide. One of the areas of this analysis deals with international human rights documents because these documents show international trends in reproductive rights. Therefore, this paper aims to prepare a venue to understand the definition, nature or entity, scope and content, right - holder and duty bearer, and the obligations of duty-bearers regarding others’ reproductive rights in international human rights organizations. The findings indicated there is no specific and agreed definition of reproductive rights in these human rights documents. The theories (Hohfeld’s theory about a right, the Will - Choice Theory, and the Benefit - Interest Theory) cannot justify the nature of reproductive rights well. There are many epistemological challenges regarding the content and the scope of these reproductive rights and related states’ obligations in those treaties, which made the realization of these reproductive rights difficult or even impossible.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

Purpose: ResearchGate and LinkedIn are considered as professional research social networks, respectively, with purposes such as scientific communication, promoting the visibility of scientific and technological works, altmetrics studies, being up-to-date with the profession, and are also for job search. However, considering the changes and developments that have taken place in the last decade, we have seen a significant increase in patents registered by Iranians, especially by participation of Iranian women, in international databases such as the USPTO, which indicates the active presence of Iranian inventor women in various technological fields. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the Iranian inventor women’s scientific presence in scientific-social network LinkedIn and ResearchGate. Methodology: This applied research was conducted quantitatively, utilizing the library method and social network analysis in the field of scientometrics, along with the altimetric approach. The statistical research population is, 211 Iranian inventor women who had a patent in the USPTO database in the period of 1971–2021. Also, using the purposive sampling method, a sample of 110 inventors (52. 1%) who were members of two social-scientific networks, LinkedIn and ResearchGate, between August 30, 2022, and September 19, 2022, was selected. To collect the research required data, first, in the advanced search section of the USPTO database, three commands "ICN/IR, " "ACN/IR" and "AACO/IR" were searched. With these three commands, all patents whose country code of inventor or owner was "IR" were retrieved,but because of the similarity between some countries in this database, such as Ireland's country (Maloney,Ian (Dublin, IR)), many patents that were retrieved were not related to Iran. To solve this problem, the keyword of geographic location was used and three commands "IC/City, " "AC/City" and "AACI/City" were also searched. Here, city is referred to the provincial centers of Iran (for example, "IC/Tehran", "AC/Tehran" and "AACI/Tehran"). Then, all the data were entered into the Excel file. After merging and refining the data, we extracted the names of 211 Iranian inventor women. This information was based on 184 title patents registered in the USPTO database from 1971 to 2021, which involved at least one Iranian woman inventor. Then, each of these names was searched in two social-scientific networks, LinkedIn and ResearchGate, between 2022/08/30 and 2022/09/19. After that, the required data were collected by referring to the profile of each inventor using a checklist. Finally, the data were analyzed using Excel and Spss software. Findings: More than half of the Iranian inventor women (110 people) were scientific social network members, LinkedIn and ResearchGate. From the profile personal information viewpoint, most of them had an informal personal photo, no biography and unclear language. Most of them were Ph. D. and very few had their contact information listed in their profiles. Also, 42. 7% of them mentioned their patents on LinkedIn and 48. 2% on ResearchGate. Qudsi Mohammadi Ziarani, with 453 works on ResearchGate and 102 on LinkedIn, has contributed the most compared with other Iranian inventor women in terms of presenting publications and research articles. Additionally, in terms of the new research index interest score and other indices available in ResearchGate, Fatemeh Atyabi has the largest share compared to others, with a research interest score of 5490 and 10374 citations, h-index of 56 and 84801 readings. Conclusion: This study results indicate that the Iranian inventor women presence importance is in introducing themselves, communication, and scientific research collaboration with colleagues. Even though scientific-social networks LinkedIn and ResearchGate provide a suitable platform for more communication and interactions between users and researchers, inventors, employers, etc., but most Iranian inventor women have not used the maximum facilities and capabilities provided in these networks. Inventors can improve their personal page rank in Google results by completing their profile information in these networks and adding more details to it. They can also attract more researchers and audiences to their scientific and technological work by specifying different ways of communication in their profile. In addition, by publicly presenting their profile, inventors can increase the visibility of their work, leading to more citations and opportunities to commercialize scientific and technological products. This can serve as a pathway for entering the business world and marketing scientific products.

Protecting patent rights as principal example of industrial property rights and granting material and spiritual rights to the owner of the invention papers and the history of legislation of the issue in 1921, before ratification of such laws as Civil Code and Trade Law, indicate legal protection of patent rights. However, despite enactment of various domestic laws as well as many international conventions such as Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property (1883) and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) with Islamic Republic of Iran joining some of these conventions, jurisprudential and legal foundations of this right in terms of lack of history of the issue in Islamic Law, as well as novelty of this branch of law – that is among the newly emerged issues according to some jurists – have created different challenges and viewpoints which are sometimes contradictory. This paper first reviews opinions for and against this branch of law, and while readdressing Imam Khomeini’s opinion concerning the subject, analyzes some legal foundations of the issue.